Wastewater Effluents at Sierra Leone Bottling Company Limited: Composition, Assessment and Removal Efficiency of Physico-chemical Parameters

Joe Milton Beah; Abass Thullah; Alfred Abu; Daniel Kaitibi; Abu Bakarr Sheriff; Eldred Tunde Taylor

doi:doi:10.11648/j.wros.20170603.11

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Wastewater Effluents at Sierra Leone Bottling Company Limited: Composition, Assessment and Removal Efficiency of Physico-chemical Parameters

Joe Milton Beah, Abass Thullah, Alfred Abu, Daniel Kaitibi, Abu Bakarr Sheriff, Eldred Tunde Taylor

Published in Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science (Volume 6, Issue 3)

Received: 20 April 2017 Accepted: 2 May 2017 Published: 7 June 2017

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Abstract

The analyses of industrial effluents at Sierra Leone Bottling Company Limited (SLBC) in Freetown, the capital city of Sierra Leone were conducted to assess its composition, and removal efficiency of physico-chemical parameters. Fifteen (15) samples were collected from the drain water (influent), pre treatment effluent and treated effluent (effluent) for five days. There were significantly higher concentrations of influents parameters relative to those of the corresponding effluents. The influent levels for pH, electrical conductivity and chloride were higher than permissible threshold. 80% of the samples at the influent point were within permissible guideline for TDS but all were in total agreement with the effluent samples for the same parameter. Comparative analyses showed significant reduction in values for pH, temperature, iron and chromium in the effluent samples relative to the influent samples and all of the other parameters did not show any statistically significant differences. The treatment plant was noted to be highly efficient in removing iron and chromium but least efficient for total dissolved solids and water temperature. Huge variances with respect to removing contaminants for chloride, electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids were observed. The average overall removal efficiency of contaminants in industrial effluents was low but the practice of treating industrial wastewater by SLBC was plausible. Considering the pollution load of certain parameters being investigated, it is imperative for the SLBC to initiate the process of setting up waste stabilization ponds (WSP) so as to contain industrial effluents for further examination before they are discharged into the environment.

Published in	Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science (Volume 6, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.wros.20170603.11
Page(s)	46-50
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2017. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Industrial Effluent, Wastewater, Physico-Chemical Parameter, Removal Efficiency, Sierra Leone

References

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[3]	Mekala, G. D. Davidson B. Samad M. Boland A. A. (2008): Framework for Efficient Wastewater Treatment and Recycling Systems; IWMI Working Paper 129; International Water Management Institute: Colombo, Sri Lanka. http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/bitstream/46387/2/WOR129.pdf (5th March, 2017).
[4]	Muthukumaran, N. K A. N. Wastewater Treatment and Management in Urban Areas-A Case Study of Tiruchirappalli City, Tamil Nadu, India. In Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Environment and Health, Chennai, India: 2003; Pp: 284-289.
[5]	Osho, A. Mabekoje O. O. Bello O. O. Preliminary evaluation of wastewater effluents from two food companies in Nigeria: African Journal of Microbiology Research 2010; 4: Pp: 1395-1399.
[6]	Idris, M. A. Kolo B. G. Garba S. T. Ismail M. A. Physico-chemical Analysis of Pharmaceutical Effluent and Surface Water of River Gorax in Minna, Niger State, Nigeria: Bulletin of Environment, Pharmacology and Life Sciences 2013; 2: Pp: 45-49.
[7]	Emongor, V. Nkegbe E. Kealotswe B. Koorapetse I. Sankwasa S. Keikanetswe S. Pollution Indicators in Gaborone Industrial Effluent: Journal of Applied Sciences 2005; 5: Pp: 147-150.
[8]	Edokpayi, J. N. Odiyo J. O. Msagati T. A. M. Popoola E. O. Removal Efficiency of Faecal Indicator Organisms, Nutrients and Heavy Metals from a Peri-Urban Wastewater Treatment Plant in Thohoyandou, Limpopo Province, South Africa: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2015; 12: Pp: 7300-7320.
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[11]	Olujimi, O. O. Fatoki O. S. Odendaal J. P. Daso A. P. Oputu O. U. Variation in levels and removal efficiency of heavy and trace metals from wastewater treatment plant effluents in Cape Town and Stellenbosch, South Africa: African Journal of Biotechnology 2016; 15: Pp: 1101-1135.
[12]	Ravi Kumar, P. Liza Britta P. Somashekar R. K. ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFICIENCY OF SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANTS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN NAGASANDRA AND MAILASANDRA SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANTS: Kathmandu University Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology 2009; 6: Pp: 115-125.
[13]	Barakat, M. A. New trends in removing heavy metals from industrial wastewater: Arabian Journal of Chemistry 2011; 4: Pp: 361-377.
[14]	Walakira, P. Okot-Okumu J. Impact of Industrial Effluents on Water Quality of Streams in Nakawa-Ntinda, Uganda: Journal of Applied Sciences Environment and Management 2011; 15: Pp: 289 – 296.
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APA Style

Joe Milton Beah, Abass Thullah, Alfred Abu, Daniel Kaitibi, Abu Bakarr Sheriff, et al. (2017). Wastewater Effluents at Sierra Leone Bottling Company Limited: Composition, Assessment and Removal Efficiency of Physico-chemical Parameters. Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science, 6(3), 46-50. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20170603.11

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ACS Style

Joe Milton Beah; Abass Thullah; Alfred Abu; Daniel Kaitibi; Abu Bakarr Sheriff, et al. Wastewater Effluents at Sierra Leone Bottling Company Limited: Composition, Assessment and Removal Efficiency of Physico-chemical Parameters. J. Water Resour. Ocean Sci. 2017, 6(3), 46-50. doi: 10.11648/j.wros.20170603.11

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AMA Style

Joe Milton Beah, Abass Thullah, Alfred Abu, Daniel Kaitibi, Abu Bakarr Sheriff, et al. Wastewater Effluents at Sierra Leone Bottling Company Limited: Composition, Assessment and Removal Efficiency of Physico-chemical Parameters. J Water Resour Ocean Sci. 2017;6(3):46-50. doi: 10.11648/j.wros.20170603.11

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@article{10.11648/j.wros.20170603.11,
  author = {Joe Milton Beah and Abass Thullah and Alfred Abu and Daniel Kaitibi and Abu Bakarr Sheriff and Eldred Tunde Taylor},
  title = {Wastewater Effluents at Sierra Leone Bottling Company Limited: Composition, Assessment and Removal Efficiency of Physico-chemical Parameters},
  journal = {Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science},
  volume = {6},
  number = {3},
  pages = {46-50},
  doi = {10.11648/j.wros.20170603.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20170603.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.wros.20170603.11},
  abstract = {The analyses of industrial effluents at Sierra Leone Bottling Company Limited (SLBC) in Freetown, the capital city of Sierra Leone were conducted to assess its composition, and removal efficiency of physico-chemical parameters. Fifteen (15) samples were collected from the drain water (influent), pre treatment effluent and treated effluent (effluent) for five days. There were significantly higher concentrations of influents parameters relative to those of the corresponding effluents. The influent levels for pH, electrical conductivity and chloride were higher than permissible threshold. 80% of the samples at the influent point were within permissible guideline for TDS but all were in total agreement with the effluent samples for the same parameter. Comparative analyses showed significant reduction in values for pH, temperature, iron and chromium in the effluent samples relative to the influent samples and all of the other parameters did not show any statistically significant differences. The treatment plant was noted to be highly efficient in removing iron and chromium but least efficient for total dissolved solids and water temperature. Huge variances with respect to removing contaminants for chloride, electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids were observed. The average overall removal efficiency of contaminants in industrial effluents was low but the practice of treating industrial wastewater by SLBC was plausible. Considering the pollution load of certain parameters being investigated, it is imperative for the SLBC to initiate the process of setting up waste stabilization ponds (WSP) so as to contain industrial effluents for further examination before they are discharged into the environment.},
 year = {2017}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Wastewater Effluents at Sierra Leone Bottling Company Limited: Composition, Assessment and Removal Efficiency of Physico-chemical Parameters
AU  - Joe Milton Beah
AU  - Abass Thullah
AU  - Alfred Abu
AU  - Daniel Kaitibi
AU  - Abu Bakarr Sheriff
AU  - Eldred Tunde Taylor
Y1  - 2017/06/07
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20170603.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.wros.20170603.11
T2  - Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science
JF  - Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science
JO  - Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science
SP  - 46
EP  - 50
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-7993
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20170603.11
AB  - The analyses of industrial effluents at Sierra Leone Bottling Company Limited (SLBC) in Freetown, the capital city of Sierra Leone were conducted to assess its composition, and removal efficiency of physico-chemical parameters. Fifteen (15) samples were collected from the drain water (influent), pre treatment effluent and treated effluent (effluent) for five days. There were significantly higher concentrations of influents parameters relative to those of the corresponding effluents. The influent levels for pH, electrical conductivity and chloride were higher than permissible threshold. 80% of the samples at the influent point were within permissible guideline for TDS but all were in total agreement with the effluent samples for the same parameter. Comparative analyses showed significant reduction in values for pH, temperature, iron and chromium in the effluent samples relative to the influent samples and all of the other parameters did not show any statistically significant differences. The treatment plant was noted to be highly efficient in removing iron and chromium but least efficient for total dissolved solids and water temperature. Huge variances with respect to removing contaminants for chloride, electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids were observed. The average overall removal efficiency of contaminants in industrial effluents was low but the practice of treating industrial wastewater by SLBC was plausible. Considering the pollution load of certain parameters being investigated, it is imperative for the SLBC to initiate the process of setting up waste stabilization ponds (WSP) so as to contain industrial effluents for further examination before they are discharged into the environment.
VL  - 6
IS  - 3
ER  -

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Author Information

Joe Milton Beah

Institute of Environmental Management and Quality Control, School of Environmental Sciences, Njala University, Main Campus, Njala, Sierra Leone
Abass Thullah

Institute of Environmental Management and Quality Control, School of Environmental Sciences, Njala University, Main Campus, Njala, Sierra Leone
Alfred Abu

Department of Physics and Computer Science, School of Technology, Njala University, Main Campus, Njala, Sierra Leone
Daniel Kaitibi

Department of Physics and Computer Science, School of Technology, Njala University, Main Campus, Njala, Sierra Leone
Abu Bakarr Sheriff

Institute of Languages and Cultural Studies, School of Education, Njala University, Towama, Sierra Leone
Eldred Tunde Taylor

Institute of Environmental Management and Quality Control, School of Environmental Sciences, Njala University, Main Campus, Njala, Sierra Leone

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APA Style

Joe Milton Beah, Abass Thullah, Alfred Abu, Daniel Kaitibi, Abu Bakarr Sheriff, et al. (2017). Wastewater Effluents at Sierra Leone Bottling Company Limited: Composition, Assessment and Removal Efficiency of Physico-chemical Parameters. Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science, 6(3), 46-50. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20170603.11

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ACS Style

Joe Milton Beah; Abass Thullah; Alfred Abu; Daniel Kaitibi; Abu Bakarr Sheriff, et al. Wastewater Effluents at Sierra Leone Bottling Company Limited: Composition, Assessment and Removal Efficiency of Physico-chemical Parameters. J. Water Resour. Ocean Sci. 2017, 6(3), 46-50. doi: 10.11648/j.wros.20170603.11

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AMA Style

Joe Milton Beah, Abass Thullah, Alfred Abu, Daniel Kaitibi, Abu Bakarr Sheriff, et al. Wastewater Effluents at Sierra Leone Bottling Company Limited: Composition, Assessment and Removal Efficiency of Physico-chemical Parameters. J Water Resour Ocean Sci. 2017;6(3):46-50. doi: 10.11648/j.wros.20170603.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.wros.20170603.11,
  author = {Joe Milton Beah and Abass Thullah and Alfred Abu and Daniel Kaitibi and Abu Bakarr Sheriff and Eldred Tunde Taylor},
  title = {Wastewater Effluents at Sierra Leone Bottling Company Limited: Composition, Assessment and Removal Efficiency of Physico-chemical Parameters},
  journal = {Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science},
  volume = {6},
  number = {3},
  pages = {46-50},
  doi = {10.11648/j.wros.20170603.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20170603.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.wros.20170603.11},
  abstract = {The analyses of industrial effluents at Sierra Leone Bottling Company Limited (SLBC) in Freetown, the capital city of Sierra Leone were conducted to assess its composition, and removal efficiency of physico-chemical parameters. Fifteen (15) samples were collected from the drain water (influent), pre treatment effluent and treated effluent (effluent) for five days. There were significantly higher concentrations of influents parameters relative to those of the corresponding effluents. The influent levels for pH, electrical conductivity and chloride were higher than permissible threshold. 80% of the samples at the influent point were within permissible guideline for TDS but all were in total agreement with the effluent samples for the same parameter. Comparative analyses showed significant reduction in values for pH, temperature, iron and chromium in the effluent samples relative to the influent samples and all of the other parameters did not show any statistically significant differences. The treatment plant was noted to be highly efficient in removing iron and chromium but least efficient for total dissolved solids and water temperature. Huge variances with respect to removing contaminants for chloride, electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids were observed. The average overall removal efficiency of contaminants in industrial effluents was low but the practice of treating industrial wastewater by SLBC was plausible. Considering the pollution load of certain parameters being investigated, it is imperative for the SLBC to initiate the process of setting up waste stabilization ponds (WSP) so as to contain industrial effluents for further examination before they are discharged into the environment.},
 year = {2017}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Wastewater Effluents at Sierra Leone Bottling Company Limited: Composition, Assessment and Removal Efficiency of Physico-chemical Parameters
AU  - Joe Milton Beah
AU  - Abass Thullah
AU  - Alfred Abu
AU  - Daniel Kaitibi
AU  - Abu Bakarr Sheriff
AU  - Eldred Tunde Taylor
Y1  - 2017/06/07
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20170603.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.wros.20170603.11
T2  - Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science
JF  - Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science
JO  - Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science
SP  - 46
EP  - 50
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-7993
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20170603.11
AB  - The analyses of industrial effluents at Sierra Leone Bottling Company Limited (SLBC) in Freetown, the capital city of Sierra Leone were conducted to assess its composition, and removal efficiency of physico-chemical parameters. Fifteen (15) samples were collected from the drain water (influent), pre treatment effluent and treated effluent (effluent) for five days. There were significantly higher concentrations of influents parameters relative to those of the corresponding effluents. The influent levels for pH, electrical conductivity and chloride were higher than permissible threshold. 80% of the samples at the influent point were within permissible guideline for TDS but all were in total agreement with the effluent samples for the same parameter. Comparative analyses showed significant reduction in values for pH, temperature, iron and chromium in the effluent samples relative to the influent samples and all of the other parameters did not show any statistically significant differences. The treatment plant was noted to be highly efficient in removing iron and chromium but least efficient for total dissolved solids and water temperature. Huge variances with respect to removing contaminants for chloride, electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids were observed. The average overall removal efficiency of contaminants in industrial effluents was low but the practice of treating industrial wastewater by SLBC was plausible. Considering the pollution load of certain parameters being investigated, it is imperative for the SLBC to initiate the process of setting up waste stabilization ponds (WSP) so as to contain industrial effluents for further examination before they are discharged into the environment.
VL  - 6
IS  - 3
ER  -

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