Imagine that your water service provider gives your family at the end of the year $70 as a result of non-revenue water. Indeed, it is the value of Palestinian non-revenue water for year 2015; where, it was equivalent to a deposit $13 for each individual person. Due to its importance, this paper empirically evaluates the determinants of non-revenue water for the providers that deliver water services to 72% of Palestinian population. Two multiple regressions have been conducted; the first one measuring the non-revenue water. The findings of this measurement show that staff productivity, daily consumption, average price, energy cost, service providers’ size and structure, have significant impact on the non-revenue water; wherein, the water production variable impact is not significant. However, those predictors have been included into another regression to explain the financial viability of the Palestinian Water Service Providers. The results indicate that staff productivity, daily consumption, average price, energy cost, and water production have significant effect on the financial viability. Only service providers’ size and structure, have insignificant effect. In Palestine, the Palestinian Water Authority (PWA) is the policy maker. The results of this research implicate that PWA may put targets for Palestinian Service Providers at national level; such as non-revenue water, staff productivity, profitability, and water production. Therefore, this will lead to increase the performance of the water providers in non-revenue water and overall enhance their financial viability.
Published in | Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science (Volume 6, Issue 2) |
DOI | 10.11648/j.wros.20170602.12 |
Page(s) | 35-45 |
Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2017. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Financial Viability, Non-Revenue Water, Palestinian Water Service Providers, PWA, WSRC
[1] | Adams, A., Lutz Ley. A, (2012). An Empirical Study of Factors Affecting Water Loss in Mexican Cities. Journal of Water Sustainability, Volume 2, Issue 3, September 2012, 167–178. |
[2] | Alegre H., Hirner W., Baptista J. M. and Parena R. (2000) Performance Indicators for Water Supply Services. IWA Manual of Best Practice. ISBN 900222272. |
[3] | Berg. Caroline van den (2014). The Drivers of Non-Revenue Water How Effective Are Non-Revenue Water Reduction Programs? Water Global Practice Group. World Bank. Policy Research Working Paper 6997. |
[4] | BISWAS. A, TORTAJADA. C. (2010). Water Supply of Phnom Penh: An Example of Good Governance. Water Resources Development, Vol. 26, No. 2, 157–172, June 2010. |
[5] | Bisztray M., Kis A., Muraközy B. & Ungvári G. (2009). Statistical Analysis of the Performance Data of Central and Eastern European Water Utilities. Regional Center for Energy Policy Research Corvinus University of Budapest. World Bank IBNET Program. January 2009. |
[6] | Dattalo, Patrick (2010). Ethical Dilemmas in Sampling. Journal of Social Work Values and Ethics, Volume 7, Number 1 (2010). Copyright 2010, White Hat Communications. |
[7] | Dave P., Wadhwa V., Aggarwal A., & Seetharaman A. (2013). The Impact of Research and Development on the Financial Viability of Information Technology (IT) Companies Listed on the S&P 500 Index. Journal of Sustainable Development; Vol. 6, No. 11; 2013 ISSN 1913-9063 E-ISSN 1913-9071. |
[8] | Enock George (2015). Assessment of Unaccounted for Water Strategies in Service Delivery: Case of Nakuru Water and Sanitation Services Company, Kenya. European Journal of Business and Management. www.iiste.org ISSN 2222-1905 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2839 (Online) Vol.7, No.5, 2015. |
[9] | Fanner P., Sturm R., Thornton J., and Liemberger R. (2007) Leakage Management Technologies. Awwa Research Foundation, American water Works Association, IWA Publishing. 2007 Awwa RF. |
[10] | Field, A. P., (2005). Discovering statistics using SPSS. Research methods II factor analysis in SPSS. Second edition. |
[11] | Frauendorfer, R, Liemberger, R. (2010) The Issues and Challenges of Reducing Non-Revenue Water. Asian Development Bank. Publication Stock No RPT102319. ISBN 978-92-9092-193-6. |
[12] | Gakuu. K, Kirimi. K, (2014). ASSESSMENT OF FACTORS INFLUENCING FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY OF NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANISATIONS IN ISIOLO COUNTY, KENYA. International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management. Vol. II, Issue 9, Sep 2014. United Kingdom. ISSN 2348 0386. |
[13] | GJINALI E., Giantris P. (2014). Non-Revenue Water and Some Simple Economics for Developing Counties. Online International Interdisciplinary Research Journal, {Bi-Monthly}, ISSN2249-9598, Volume-IV, Nov 2014 Special Issue. |
[14] | González-Gómez F., García-Rubio M. & Guardiola J. (2011). Why Is Non-Revenue Water So High in So Many Cities? International Journal of Water Resources Development Volume 27, 2011 - Issue 2. |
[15] | Grima. A. P. (2013). Empirical Basis for Municipal Water Rates Modification. Canadian Water Resource Journal / Revue canadienne des ressources hydriques. ISSN: 0701-1784 (Print) 1918-1817 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tcwr20. |
[16] | Howard Guy (2003) Domestic Water Quantity, World Health Organization 2003. Service Level and Health WHO/SDE/WSH/03.02. |
[17] | Jerusalem Water Undertaking. (2016). Foundation of JWU. Historical Background. Published on May 23, 2016 http://www.jwu.org/jwu/?p=1698&lang=en read on 21.02.2017. |
[18] | Kim. Y, & Ployhart R. (2013). The Effects of Staffing and Training on Firm Productivity and Profit Growth Before, During, and After the Great Recession. Journal of Applied Psychology., Vol. 99, No. 3, 361–389 0021-9010/14/$12.00 DOI: 10.1037/a0035408. © 2013 American Psychological Association. |
[19] | Kingdom B., Liemberger R., & Marin P. (2006). The Challenge of Reducing Non-Revenue Water (NRW) in Developing Countries How the Private Sector Can Help: A Look at Performance-Based Service Contracting. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development. PPIFA. PAPER NO.8 DECEMBER 2006. |
[20] | Makaya E., & Hensel O. (2012). Water Distribution Systems Efficiency Assessment Indicators – Concepts and Application. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) ISSN (Online): 2319-7064. Volume 3 Issue 7, July 2014. Paper ID: 02014259. |
[21] | Mathur P., & Vijay A. (2013). Non-revenue Water Reduction- A Tool for Achiving 24x7 Water Supply. IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) e-ISSN: 2278-1684, p-ISSN: 2320-334X, Volume 7, Issue 3 (Jul. - Aug. 2013), PP 25-28 www.iosrjournals.org May 2013, Volume 17, Issue 2, pp 237–259 17: 237. doi:10.1007/s10997-011-9173-6. |
[22] | McKenzie, R., Siqalaba, Z. N., & Wegelin (2012). The state of non-revenue water in South Africa, Water Research Commission Research Report. ISBN 978-1-4312-0263-8. WRC Report No. TT 522/12. Printed in the Republic of South Africa © WATER RESEARCH COMMISSION. |
[23] | Mugabi, J., Kayaga, S. & Njiru, C. (2007). Strategic planning for water utilities in developing countries, Utilities Policy, 15(1), 1-8. |
[24] | Murrar. A. (2017). EPRA International Journal of Economic and Business Review-Online ISSN 2347-9671 & Print ISSN 2349-0187. Vol: 5, Issue: 1, January 2017. |
[25] | Murrar. A. (2017). American Journal of Water Science and Engineering. The Determinants of Non-Revenue Water in Balkan Countries. Vol. 3, No. 2, 2017, pp. 18-27. doi: 10.11648/j.ajwse.20170302.11. |
[26] | Murrar. A. & Hamad. A (2013). RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN JOB SATISFACTION AND TURNOVER INTENTION: An Empirical Study on the IT Firms in Palestine. Interdisciplinary Journal of Research in Business. ISSN: 2046-7141 Vol. 2, Issue. 8, (pp.67- 83) | 2013. |
[27] | Mutikanga. H, Sharma. S, & Vairavamoorthy. K. (2011). Investigating water meter performance in developing countries: A case study of Kampala, Uganda. ISSN 0378-4738 (Print) = Water SA Vol. 37 No. October 2011 ISSN 1816-7950 (On-line) = Water SA Vol. 37 No. 4 October 2011. |
[28] | O’brien, R. M. (2007). Quality & Quantity October 2007, Volume 41, Issue 5, pp 673–690 41: 673. doi:10.1007/s11135-006-9018-6. |
[29] | Onsomu L., Bichanga W., Munene C. & Obonyo G. (2013). Factors Influencing the Financial Viability of a Water Service Provider in Kenya: The Case of Gusii Water and Sanitation Company Limited. International Journal of Arts and Commerce. Vol. 2 No. 9. October, 2013. |
[30] | Peda, P., Grossi, G. & Liik, M. J Manag Gov (2013). Do ownership and size affect the performance of water utilities? Evidence from Estonian municipalities. Journal of Management & Governance. |
[31] | Raj, Krishna. (2013). Where All the Water Has Gone? An Analysis of Unreliable Water Supply in Bangalore City. The Institute for Social and Economic Change, Bangalore. Working paper 307. ISBN 978-81-7791-163-3. |
[32] | Rubio M., Villaverde A., & Gómez F. (2015). Urban Water Tariffs in Spain: What Needs to Be Done? Water Journal 2015, 7, 1456-1479; doi: 10.3390/w7041456. ISSN 2073-4441. |
[33] | Wallac P. Laynn (1987) Water & Revenue Losses, Unaccounted for Water. American water Works Association. Research foundation TMISBN 0-89867-417-4. |
[34] | Water Sector Regulatory Council. (2014). Water Services Providers Performance Report 2014. WSRC hardcopy and softcopy publishing report. wsrc.ps.30.03.2017. |
[35] | Water Sector Regulatory Council. (2015). Water Services Providers Performance Report 2015. WSRC hardcopy and softcopy Arabic Version. publishing report. wsrc.ps.12.04.2017. |
APA Style
Abdullah Murrar, Abdelrahman Tamim, Subhi Samhan. (2017). The Determinants of Non-Revenue Water & Financial Viability for the Palestinian Water Service Providers. Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science, 6(2), 35-45. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20170602.12
ACS Style
Abdullah Murrar; Abdelrahman Tamim; Subhi Samhan. The Determinants of Non-Revenue Water & Financial Viability for the Palestinian Water Service Providers. J. Water Resour. Ocean Sci. 2017, 6(2), 35-45. doi: 10.11648/j.wros.20170602.12
AMA Style
Abdullah Murrar, Abdelrahman Tamim, Subhi Samhan. The Determinants of Non-Revenue Water & Financial Viability for the Palestinian Water Service Providers. J Water Resour Ocean Sci. 2017;6(2):35-45. doi: 10.11648/j.wros.20170602.12
@article{10.11648/j.wros.20170602.12, author = {Abdullah Murrar and Abdelrahman Tamim and Subhi Samhan}, title = {The Determinants of Non-Revenue Water & Financial Viability for the Palestinian Water Service Providers}, journal = {Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science}, volume = {6}, number = {2}, pages = {35-45}, doi = {10.11648/j.wros.20170602.12}, url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20170602.12}, eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.wros.20170602.12}, abstract = {Imagine that your water service provider gives your family at the end of the year $70 as a result of non-revenue water. Indeed, it is the value of Palestinian non-revenue water for year 2015; where, it was equivalent to a deposit $13 for each individual person. Due to its importance, this paper empirically evaluates the determinants of non-revenue water for the providers that deliver water services to 72% of Palestinian population. Two multiple regressions have been conducted; the first one measuring the non-revenue water. The findings of this measurement show that staff productivity, daily consumption, average price, energy cost, service providers’ size and structure, have significant impact on the non-revenue water; wherein, the water production variable impact is not significant. However, those predictors have been included into another regression to explain the financial viability of the Palestinian Water Service Providers. The results indicate that staff productivity, daily consumption, average price, energy cost, and water production have significant effect on the financial viability. Only service providers’ size and structure, have insignificant effect. In Palestine, the Palestinian Water Authority (PWA) is the policy maker. The results of this research implicate that PWA may put targets for Palestinian Service Providers at national level; such as non-revenue water, staff productivity, profitability, and water production. Therefore, this will lead to increase the performance of the water providers in non-revenue water and overall enhance their financial viability.}, year = {2017} }
TY - JOUR T1 - The Determinants of Non-Revenue Water & Financial Viability for the Palestinian Water Service Providers AU - Abdullah Murrar AU - Abdelrahman Tamim AU - Subhi Samhan Y1 - 2017/05/23 PY - 2017 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20170602.12 DO - 10.11648/j.wros.20170602.12 T2 - Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science JF - Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science JO - Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science SP - 35 EP - 45 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2328-7993 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20170602.12 AB - Imagine that your water service provider gives your family at the end of the year $70 as a result of non-revenue water. Indeed, it is the value of Palestinian non-revenue water for year 2015; where, it was equivalent to a deposit $13 for each individual person. Due to its importance, this paper empirically evaluates the determinants of non-revenue water for the providers that deliver water services to 72% of Palestinian population. Two multiple regressions have been conducted; the first one measuring the non-revenue water. The findings of this measurement show that staff productivity, daily consumption, average price, energy cost, service providers’ size and structure, have significant impact on the non-revenue water; wherein, the water production variable impact is not significant. However, those predictors have been included into another regression to explain the financial viability of the Palestinian Water Service Providers. The results indicate that staff productivity, daily consumption, average price, energy cost, and water production have significant effect on the financial viability. Only service providers’ size and structure, have insignificant effect. In Palestine, the Palestinian Water Authority (PWA) is the policy maker. The results of this research implicate that PWA may put targets for Palestinian Service Providers at national level; such as non-revenue water, staff productivity, profitability, and water production. Therefore, this will lead to increase the performance of the water providers in non-revenue water and overall enhance their financial viability. VL - 6 IS - 2 ER -