Relationship between Body Mass Index and Bone Mineral Density in Saudi Women Above 40 Years with Vitamin D Deficiency

Anitha Oommen; Ibrahim Hassan AlZahrani; Allahrakhyo S. Shoro; Jamal Alruwaili; Braa Aboalseel

doi:doi:10.11648/j.sjph.20140206.26

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Relationship between Body Mass Index and Bone Mineral Density in Saudi Women Above 40 Years with Vitamin D Deficiency

Anitha Oommen, Ibrahim Hassan AlZahrani, Allahrakhyo S. Shoro, Jamal Alruwaili, Braa Aboalseel

Published in Science Journal of Public Health (Volume 2, Issue 6)

Received: 16 November 2014 Accepted: 18 November 2014 Published: 21 November 2014

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Abstract

Low body mass index (BMI) causing low bone mineral density (BMD) has been reported in several articles. There are also contradictory data available which shows that obesity is associated with low bone mass. Vitamin D deficiency is a very common problem in Saudi women due to their lifestyle and culture. The present study was conducted to find out the relationship between body mass index and bone mineral density in Saudi women who have vitamin D deficiency. After the Vitamin D level assessment, the patients underwent Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) scan. Patients who had hormonal disorders, renal diseases and who were on immunosuppressive drugs were excluded from the study. Among the patients who had Vitamin D deficiency, 42.7 % had normal BMD while 57.3 % had low BMD. The BMD was low in 80% with normal BMI, 74.1% in overweight and 50% in obese patients. There was no statistically significant association between BMI and BMD (P>0.05) although there was a significant association between exercise and BMD (P<0.05) and age and BMD (P<0.05). The results indicate that bone loss and osteoporosis can occur in obese patients above 40 years of age, if they are not having sufficient exercise.

Published in	Science Journal of Public Health (Volume 2, Issue 6)
DOI	10.11648/j.sjph.20140206.26
Page(s)	601-604
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2014. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Vitamin D Deficiency, Body Mass Index, Bone Mineral Density, Saudi Women

References

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[2]	Guney E, Kisakol G, et al, “Effect of weight loss on metabolism: comparison of vertical banded gastroplasty and medical intervention”, Obes Surg. 2003; 13(3):383-388.
[3]	Kofi Asmaning, Elizabeth R, “The association between body mass index and osteoporosis in patients referred for a bone density examination”, Journal of women’s health, 2006; 15(9): 1028-1034.
[4]	Greco E.A, Fornari R, et al, “Is obesity protective for osteoporosis? Evaluation of bone mineral density in individuals with high body mass index”, Int J Clin Pract.2010; 64(6):817-820
[5]	Chubak J, Ulrich C.M, et al, “Effect of exercise on bone mineral density andlean mass in postmenopausal women”, Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2006; 38(7):1236-1244.
[6]	Stewart KJ, Bacher AC, et al, “Exercise effects on bone mineral density relationship to changes in fitness and fatness”, Am J Prev Med. 2005; 28(5): 453-460
[7]	Vieth R, ‘The role of Vitamin D in the prevention of osteoporosis”, Ann Med.2005; 37(4):278-285.
[8]	J Chris Gallagher, Adarsh J Sai, “Vitamin D insufficiency, deficiency and Bone health”, J ClinEndocrinolMetab, 2010; 95(6): 2630-2633.
[9]	Tarek Fawzy, Jayakumary M, et al, “Association between Body Mass Index and Bone Mineral Density in patients referred for dual energy X-ray Absorptiometry Scan in Ajman, UAE”, Journal of osteoporosis, 2011; Article ID 876309, 4 pages
[10]	Ben Sedrine W, Broers P, et al, “ Interest of a Prescreening Questionnaire to Reduce the Cost of Bone Densitometry”, OsteoporosInt, 2002;13:434-442.
[11]	Glen M.B, Ignac F, “The role of DXA bone density scans in the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis”, Postgrad Med J, 2007; 83: 509- 517.
[12]	Hussein R, Munira A, et al, “Updated recommendations for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis”, Ann Saudi Med. 2011; 31(2):111-128.
[13]	Lan Juan Zhao, Yong- Jun Liu, et al, “Relationship of obesity with osteoporosis”, J ClinEndocrinolMetab, 2007; 92:1640-1646.
[14]	Kanis J.A, Johnell O, et al, “FRAXTM and the assessment of fracture probability in men and women from the UK, OsteoporosInt, 2008; 19: 385-397.
[15]	Jacobo W, Lois Y.M, et al, “Decreased bioavailability of vitamin D in obesity1-3”, Am J ClinNutr, 2000; 72: 690-693.
[16]	Jay J.C, “Effects of obesity on bone metabolism”, Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research, 2011; 6:30.
[17]	Law MR, Hackshaw AK, “A meta-analysis of cigarette smoking, bone mineral density and risk of hip fracture: a recognition of a major effect”, BMJ, 1997; 315: 841-846.
[18]	Warensjo E, Liisa B, “Dietary calcium intake and risk of fracture and osteoporosis: prospective longitudinal cohort study”, BMJ, 2011; 342: d1473.

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APA Style

Anitha Oommen, Ibrahim Hassan AlZahrani, Allahrakhyo S. Shoro, Jamal Alruwaili, Braa Aboalseel. (2014). Relationship between Body Mass Index and Bone Mineral Density in Saudi Women Above 40 Years with Vitamin D Deficiency. Science Journal of Public Health, 2(6), 601-604. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20140206.26

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ACS Style

Anitha Oommen; Ibrahim Hassan AlZahrani; Allahrakhyo S. Shoro; Jamal Alruwaili; Braa Aboalseel. Relationship between Body Mass Index and Bone Mineral Density in Saudi Women Above 40 Years with Vitamin D Deficiency. Sci. J. Public Health 2014, 2(6), 601-604. doi: 10.11648/j.sjph.20140206.26

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AMA Style

Anitha Oommen, Ibrahim Hassan AlZahrani, Allahrakhyo S. Shoro, Jamal Alruwaili, Braa Aboalseel. Relationship between Body Mass Index and Bone Mineral Density in Saudi Women Above 40 Years with Vitamin D Deficiency. Sci J Public Health. 2014;2(6):601-604. doi: 10.11648/j.sjph.20140206.26

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@article{10.11648/j.sjph.20140206.26,
  author = {Anitha Oommen and Ibrahim Hassan AlZahrani and Allahrakhyo S. Shoro and Jamal Alruwaili and Braa Aboalseel},
  title = {Relationship between Body Mass Index and Bone Mineral Density in Saudi Women Above 40 Years with Vitamin D Deficiency},
  journal = {Science Journal of Public Health},
  volume = {2},
  number = {6},
  pages = {601-604},
  doi = {10.11648/j.sjph.20140206.26},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20140206.26},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sjph.20140206.26},
  abstract = {Low body mass index (BMI) causing low bone mineral density (BMD) has been reported in several articles. There are also contradictory data available which shows that obesity is associated with low bone mass. Vitamin D deficiency is a very common problem in Saudi women due to their lifestyle and culture. The present study was conducted to find out the relationship between body mass index and bone mineral density in Saudi women who have vitamin D deficiency. After the Vitamin D level assessment, the patients underwent Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) scan. Patients who had hormonal disorders, renal diseases and who were on immunosuppressive drugs were excluded from the study. Among the patients who had Vitamin D deficiency, 42.7 % had normal BMD while 57.3 % had low BMD. The BMD was low in 80% with normal BMI, 74.1% in overweight and 50% in obese patients. There was no statistically significant association between BMI and BMD (P>0.05) although there was a significant association between exercise and BMD (P<0.05) and age and BMD (P<0.05). The results indicate that bone loss and osteoporosis can occur in obese patients above 40 years of age, if they are not having sufficient exercise.},
 year = {2014}
}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - Relationship between Body Mass Index and Bone Mineral Density in Saudi Women Above 40 Years with Vitamin D Deficiency
AU - Anitha Oommen
AU - Ibrahim Hassan AlZahrani
AU - Allahrakhyo S. Shoro
AU - Jamal Alruwaili
AU - Braa Aboalseel
Y1 - 2014/11/21
PY - 2014
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20140206.26
DO - 10.11648/j.sjph.20140206.26
T2 - Science Journal of Public Health
JF - Science Journal of Public Health
JO - Science Journal of Public Health
SP - 601
EP - 604
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2328-7950
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20140206.26
AB - Low body mass index (BMI) causing low bone mineral density (BMD) has been reported in several articles. There are also contradictory data available which shows that obesity is associated with low bone mass. Vitamin D deficiency is a very common problem in Saudi women due to their lifestyle and culture. The present study was conducted to find out the relationship between body mass index and bone mineral density in Saudi women who have vitamin D deficiency. After the Vitamin D level assessment, the patients underwent Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) scan. Patients who had hormonal disorders, renal diseases and who were on immunosuppressive drugs were excluded from the study. Among the patients who had Vitamin D deficiency, 42.7 % had normal BMD while 57.3 % had low BMD. The BMD was low in 80% with normal BMI, 74.1% in overweight and 50% in obese patients. There was no statistically significant association between BMI and BMD (P>0.05) although there was a significant association between exercise and BMD (P<0.05) and age and BMD (P<0.05). The results indicate that bone loss and osteoporosis can occur in obese patients above 40 years of age, if they are not having sufficient exercise.
VL - 2
IS - 6
ER -

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Author Information

Anitha Oommen

Department of Anatomy, Northern Border University, P. O. Box 1321, Arar, Saudi Arabia
Ibrahim Hassan AlZahrani

Department of Pathology, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah, P. O. Box 80205, Saudi Arabia
Allahrakhyo S. Shoro

Arar Central Hospital, Arar, Saudi Arabia
Jamal Alruwaili

Department of Anatomy, Northern Border University, P. O. Box 1321, Arar, Saudi Arabia
Braa Aboalseel

Department of Anatomy, Northern Border University, P. O. Box 1321, Arar, Saudi Arabia

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APA Style

Anitha Oommen, Ibrahim Hassan AlZahrani, Allahrakhyo S. Shoro, Jamal Alruwaili, Braa Aboalseel. (2014). Relationship between Body Mass Index and Bone Mineral Density in Saudi Women Above 40 Years with Vitamin D Deficiency. Science Journal of Public Health, 2(6), 601-604. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20140206.26

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ACS Style

Anitha Oommen; Ibrahim Hassan AlZahrani; Allahrakhyo S. Shoro; Jamal Alruwaili; Braa Aboalseel. Relationship between Body Mass Index and Bone Mineral Density in Saudi Women Above 40 Years with Vitamin D Deficiency. Sci. J. Public Health 2014, 2(6), 601-604. doi: 10.11648/j.sjph.20140206.26

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AMA Style

Anitha Oommen, Ibrahim Hassan AlZahrani, Allahrakhyo S. Shoro, Jamal Alruwaili, Braa Aboalseel. Relationship between Body Mass Index and Bone Mineral Density in Saudi Women Above 40 Years with Vitamin D Deficiency. Sci J Public Health. 2014;2(6):601-604. doi: 10.11648/j.sjph.20140206.26

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@article{10.11648/j.sjph.20140206.26,
  author = {Anitha Oommen and Ibrahim Hassan AlZahrani and Allahrakhyo S. Shoro and Jamal Alruwaili and Braa Aboalseel},
  title = {Relationship between Body Mass Index and Bone Mineral Density in Saudi Women Above 40 Years with Vitamin D Deficiency},
  journal = {Science Journal of Public Health},
  volume = {2},
  number = {6},
  pages = {601-604},
  doi = {10.11648/j.sjph.20140206.26},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20140206.26},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sjph.20140206.26},
  abstract = {Low body mass index (BMI) causing low bone mineral density (BMD) has been reported in several articles. There are also contradictory data available which shows that obesity is associated with low bone mass. Vitamin D deficiency is a very common problem in Saudi women due to their lifestyle and culture. The present study was conducted to find out the relationship between body mass index and bone mineral density in Saudi women who have vitamin D deficiency. After the Vitamin D level assessment, the patients underwent Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) scan. Patients who had hormonal disorders, renal diseases and who were on immunosuppressive drugs were excluded from the study. Among the patients who had Vitamin D deficiency, 42.7 % had normal BMD while 57.3 % had low BMD. The BMD was low in 80% with normal BMI, 74.1% in overweight and 50% in obese patients. There was no statistically significant association between BMI and BMD (P>0.05) although there was a significant association between exercise and BMD (P<0.05) and age and BMD (P<0.05). The results indicate that bone loss and osteoporosis can occur in obese patients above 40 years of age, if they are not having sufficient exercise.},
 year = {2014}
}

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