Current Review on Molecular and Phenotypic Mechanism of Bacterial Resistance to Antibiotic

Mesele Admassie

doi:doi:10.11648/j.sjcm.20180702.11

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Current Review on Molecular and Phenotypic Mechanism of Bacterial Resistance to Antibiotic

Mesele Admassie

Published in Science Journal of Clinical Medicine (Volume 7, Issue 2)

Received: 9 March 2018 Accepted: 2 April 2018 Published: 8 May 2018

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Abstract

Antibiotic-resistant bacteria that are difficult to treat are becoming increasingly common and are causing a global health crisis. molecular mechanism bacterial resistance of antibiotic is, necessary in order to find ways to avoid conditions that promote disobedient pathogens. The objectives of this seminar paper are to review the genetics of molecular mechanism of antibiotic resistance and to describe different molecular intrinsic, acquired, circumstantial resistance; genetics of antibiotic resistance and phenotypic drug resistance those specified by mechanisms confer antibiotic resistance. These drug resistance mechanisms allow bacteria that harbor these mechanisms to survive, or even to actively grow, in the presence of a given anti-microbial agent. Furthermore, certain bacterial variants have evolved mechanisms to resist multiple drugs, making such variants recalcitrant to chemotherapy against such bacterial strains that are the causative agents of infection in patients. Knowing the molecular mechanisms of antibiotic resistance is essential for developing new approaches to overcome and prevent drug resistance problems. Studding of development and mechanisms of resistance should be known at an early stage of drug development and strategies to improve the delivery or to enhancing the accessibility of antibiotics to their sites of action should be known.

Published in	Science Journal of Clinical Medicine (Volume 7, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.sjcm.20180702.11
Page(s)	13-19
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2018. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Antibiotic Resistant, Molecular Mechanism, Bacteria, Intrinsic Resistance

References

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[2]	World Health Organization (2016). Race against time to develop new antibiotics.
[3]	Liu, Y.Y, Wang, Y., and Walsh, TR. (2016). Emergence of plasmid mediated colistin resistance mechanism MCR-1inanimalsandhumanbeings in China. Lancet Infect Dis.16: 161–68.
[4]	O’Neill Review in to AntibioticResistance, March.2017.
[5]	Hauser, AR., Mecsas,J. and,Moir, DT.(2016). Beyond Antibiotics: New Therapeutic Approaches for Bacterial Infections. Clin Infect Dis. 63: 89–95.
[6]	EngidawAbebe, BetelihemTegegne and Solomon Tibebu (2016). A Review on Molecular Mechanisms of Bacterial Resistance to Antibiotic. European Journal of Applied Sciences 8 (5): 301-310.
[7]	Sanath Kumar and Manuel F.Varela (2013). Molecular Mechanisms of Bacterial Resistance to Anti-Microbial Agents. Science, technology and education.
[8]	Meredith Schroeder, Benjamin, D. Brooks and Amanda, E. Brooks (2017). The Complex Relationship between Virulence and Antibiotic Resistance. Review 2017.
[9]	Rodríguez-Rojas, A.; Rodríguez-Beltrán, J.; Couce, A.; Blázquez, J.(2013). Antibiotics and antibiotic resistance:A bitter fight against evolution. Int. J. Med. Microbiol303: 293–297.
[10]	Olowe O Adekunle (2012). Mechanisms of Antimicrobial Resistance In Bacteria, General Approach. International journal pharma medicine and biological science 1(2): 2278–5221.
[11]	Monack, D.M. (2012). Salmonella persistence and transmission strategies. Curr. Opin. Microbio. 15: 100-107.
[12]	Lee, C.R., Lee, J.H., Park,K.S., Kim,Y.B., Jeong,B.C., Lee,S.H. (2016). Global dissemination of carbapenemase producing Klebssiella pneumonia. Microbial 7:895.
[13]	Tarek M. Mahfouz and Michael J. Young (2017). New Bacterial Targets and Computational Methods against Bacterial Resistance. Medical Research Archives 5: 4.
[14]	Bram Van den Bergh, Maarten Fauvart and Jan Michiels (2017). Formation, physiology, ecology, evolution and clinical importance of bacterial persisters. FEMS Microbiology Reviews 41: 219–251.
[15]	Ying Zhang (2007). Mechanisms of Antibiotic Resistance in the Microbial World. Clin. Pharmacol. 82:595-600.
[16]	Qiu E. yang, Timothy R. Walsh (2017). Toxin–antitoxin systems and their role in disseminating and maintaining antimicrobial resistance. FEMS Microbiology Reviews41: 343–353.
[17]	Heather S. Deter, Roderick V. Jensen, William H. Mather, and Nicholas C. (2017) Mechanisms for Differential Protein Production in Toxin–Antitoxin Systems. Toxins9(7): 211.

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APA Style

Mesele Admassie. (2018). Current Review on Molecular and Phenotypic Mechanism of Bacterial Resistance to Antibiotic. Science Journal of Clinical Medicine, 7(2), 13-19. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjcm.20180702.11

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ACS Style

Mesele Admassie. Current Review on Molecular and Phenotypic Mechanism of Bacterial Resistance to Antibiotic. Sci. J. Clin. Med. 2018, 7(2), 13-19. doi: 10.11648/j.sjcm.20180702.11

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AMA Style

Mesele Admassie. Current Review on Molecular and Phenotypic Mechanism of Bacterial Resistance to Antibiotic. Sci J Clin Med. 2018;7(2):13-19. doi: 10.11648/j.sjcm.20180702.11

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@article{10.11648/j.sjcm.20180702.11,
  author = {Mesele Admassie},
  title = {Current Review on Molecular and Phenotypic Mechanism of Bacterial Resistance to Antibiotic},
  journal = {Science Journal of Clinical Medicine},
  volume = {7},
  number = {2},
  pages = {13-19},
  doi = {10.11648/j.sjcm.20180702.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjcm.20180702.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sjcm.20180702.11},
  abstract = {Antibiotic-resistant bacteria that are difficult to treat are becoming increasingly common and are causing a global health crisis. molecular mechanism bacterial resistance of antibiotic is, necessary in order to find ways to avoid conditions that promote disobedient pathogens. The objectives of this seminar paper are to review the genetics of molecular mechanism of antibiotic resistance and to describe different molecular intrinsic, acquired, circumstantial resistance; genetics of antibiotic resistance and phenotypic drug resistance those specified by mechanisms confer antibiotic resistance. These drug resistance mechanisms allow bacteria that harbor these mechanisms to survive, or even to actively grow, in the presence of a given anti-microbial agent. Furthermore, certain bacterial variants have evolved mechanisms to resist multiple drugs, making such variants recalcitrant to chemotherapy against such bacterial strains that are the causative agents of infection in patients. Knowing the molecular mechanisms of antibiotic resistance is essential for developing new approaches to overcome and prevent drug resistance problems. Studding of development and mechanisms of resistance should be known at an early stage of drug development and strategies to improve the delivery or to enhancing the accessibility of antibiotics to their sites of action should be known.},
 year = {2018}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Current Review on Molecular and Phenotypic Mechanism of Bacterial Resistance to Antibiotic
AU  - Mesele Admassie
Y1  - 2018/05/08
PY  - 2018
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjcm.20180702.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.sjcm.20180702.11
T2  - Science Journal of Clinical Medicine
JF  - Science Journal of Clinical Medicine
JO  - Science Journal of Clinical Medicine
SP  - 13
EP  - 19
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2327-2732
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AB  - Antibiotic-resistant bacteria that are difficult to treat are becoming increasingly common and are causing a global health crisis. molecular mechanism bacterial resistance of antibiotic is, necessary in order to find ways to avoid conditions that promote disobedient pathogens. The objectives of this seminar paper are to review the genetics of molecular mechanism of antibiotic resistance and to describe different molecular intrinsic, acquired, circumstantial resistance; genetics of antibiotic resistance and phenotypic drug resistance those specified by mechanisms confer antibiotic resistance. These drug resistance mechanisms allow bacteria that harbor these mechanisms to survive, or even to actively grow, in the presence of a given anti-microbial agent. Furthermore, certain bacterial variants have evolved mechanisms to resist multiple drugs, making such variants recalcitrant to chemotherapy against such bacterial strains that are the causative agents of infection in patients. Knowing the molecular mechanisms of antibiotic resistance is essential for developing new approaches to overcome and prevent drug resistance problems. Studding of development and mechanisms of resistance should be known at an early stage of drug development and strategies to improve the delivery or to enhancing the accessibility of antibiotics to their sites of action should be known.
VL  - 7
IS  - 2
ER  -

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Author Information

Mesele Admassie

Department of Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

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APA Style

Mesele Admassie. (2018). Current Review on Molecular and Phenotypic Mechanism of Bacterial Resistance to Antibiotic. Science Journal of Clinical Medicine, 7(2), 13-19. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjcm.20180702.11

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ACS Style

Mesele Admassie. Current Review on Molecular and Phenotypic Mechanism of Bacterial Resistance to Antibiotic. Sci. J. Clin. Med. 2018, 7(2), 13-19. doi: 10.11648/j.sjcm.20180702.11

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Mesele Admassie. Current Review on Molecular and Phenotypic Mechanism of Bacterial Resistance to Antibiotic. Sci J Clin Med. 2018;7(2):13-19. doi: 10.11648/j.sjcm.20180702.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.sjcm.20180702.11,
  author = {Mesele Admassie},
  title = {Current Review on Molecular and Phenotypic Mechanism of Bacterial Resistance to Antibiotic},
  journal = {Science Journal of Clinical Medicine},
  volume = {7},
  number = {2},
  pages = {13-19},
  doi = {10.11648/j.sjcm.20180702.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjcm.20180702.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sjcm.20180702.11},
  abstract = {Antibiotic-resistant bacteria that are difficult to treat are becoming increasingly common and are causing a global health crisis. molecular mechanism bacterial resistance of antibiotic is, necessary in order to find ways to avoid conditions that promote disobedient pathogens. The objectives of this seminar paper are to review the genetics of molecular mechanism of antibiotic resistance and to describe different molecular intrinsic, acquired, circumstantial resistance; genetics of antibiotic resistance and phenotypic drug resistance those specified by mechanisms confer antibiotic resistance. These drug resistance mechanisms allow bacteria that harbor these mechanisms to survive, or even to actively grow, in the presence of a given anti-microbial agent. Furthermore, certain bacterial variants have evolved mechanisms to resist multiple drugs, making such variants recalcitrant to chemotherapy against such bacterial strains that are the causative agents of infection in patients. Knowing the molecular mechanisms of antibiotic resistance is essential for developing new approaches to overcome and prevent drug resistance problems. Studding of development and mechanisms of resistance should be known at an early stage of drug development and strategies to improve the delivery or to enhancing the accessibility of antibiotics to their sites of action should be known.},
 year = {2018}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Current Review on Molecular and Phenotypic Mechanism of Bacterial Resistance to Antibiotic
AU  - Mesele Admassie
Y1  - 2018/05/08
PY  - 2018
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjcm.20180702.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.sjcm.20180702.11
T2  - Science Journal of Clinical Medicine
JF  - Science Journal of Clinical Medicine
JO  - Science Journal of Clinical Medicine
SP  - 13
EP  - 19
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2327-2732
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjcm.20180702.11
AB  - Antibiotic-resistant bacteria that are difficult to treat are becoming increasingly common and are causing a global health crisis. molecular mechanism bacterial resistance of antibiotic is, necessary in order to find ways to avoid conditions that promote disobedient pathogens. The objectives of this seminar paper are to review the genetics of molecular mechanism of antibiotic resistance and to describe different molecular intrinsic, acquired, circumstantial resistance; genetics of antibiotic resistance and phenotypic drug resistance those specified by mechanisms confer antibiotic resistance. These drug resistance mechanisms allow bacteria that harbor these mechanisms to survive, or even to actively grow, in the presence of a given anti-microbial agent. Furthermore, certain bacterial variants have evolved mechanisms to resist multiple drugs, making such variants recalcitrant to chemotherapy against such bacterial strains that are the causative agents of infection in patients. Knowing the molecular mechanisms of antibiotic resistance is essential for developing new approaches to overcome and prevent drug resistance problems. Studding of development and mechanisms of resistance should be known at an early stage of drug development and strategies to improve the delivery or to enhancing the accessibility of antibiotics to their sites of action should be known.
VL  - 7
IS  - 2
ER  -

Copy | Download