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Differences in Intelligence and Creativity between Tattooed and Non-Tattooed Students

Received: 31 May 2015     Accepted: 10 June 2015     Published: 30 June 2015
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Abstract

Background: In everyday life stereotypes, i.e. simplified imaginations about others are often built. One of innumerable stereotypes is that tattooed people drink too much alcohol, take always drugs, don’t avoid risks and, maybe, they are even more stupid than the rest of humanity. On the other hand tattoos can be very artful. Therefore it is conceivable that tattooed people are more creative than others. Objective: This work is focusing on the question if there is a difference (a) in creativity and (b) in the crystallized intelligence between tattooed and non-tattooed persons. Methodology: To capture these characteristics an intelligence questionnaire (MWT-A) and five of eleven sub-tests of a creativity questionnaire (TDK) were used. To achieve a sufficient homogeneity between the samples, the survey was conducted only among students. A total of 104 persons were interviewed of which 50 people were tattooed and 54 non-tattooed, aged between 20 and 54 years. The survey took place at several universities and colleges in Hamburg and took about ten minutes per person. Results: There were no significant group differences regarding crystallized intelligence; moreover there was no correlation between having tattoos and creativity. Conclusion: Tattooed students seem to be neither less intelligent nor more creative than other students.

Published in Psychology and Behavioral Sciences (Volume 4, Issue 4)
DOI 10.11648/j.pbs.20150404.14
Page(s) 165-169
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2015. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Tattoo, Intelligence, Creativity, Body Modification

References
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[19] Mrasek (2013). Tätowierfarben- Gift im Arschgeweih. Berlin: Spiegel.
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[21] Feige (2003). Ein Tattoo ist für immer: Die Geschichte der Tätowierung in Deutschland. Mit Fotografien aus einhundert Jahren Tattoo-Kuns, p. 412, Berlin: Schwarzkopf & Schwarzkopf.
[22] Sternberg (1984). Toward a triarchic theory of human intelligence. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 7, p. 269–287.
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  • APA Style

    Anette Sandra Cebula, Erich Kasten. (2015). Differences in Intelligence and Creativity between Tattooed and Non-Tattooed Students. Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, 4(4), 165-169. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.pbs.20150404.14

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    ACS Style

    Anette Sandra Cebula; Erich Kasten. Differences in Intelligence and Creativity between Tattooed and Non-Tattooed Students. Psychol. Behav. Sci. 2015, 4(4), 165-169. doi: 10.11648/j.pbs.20150404.14

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    AMA Style

    Anette Sandra Cebula, Erich Kasten. Differences in Intelligence and Creativity between Tattooed and Non-Tattooed Students. Psychol Behav Sci. 2015;4(4):165-169. doi: 10.11648/j.pbs.20150404.14

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  • @article{10.11648/j.pbs.20150404.14,
      author = {Anette Sandra Cebula and Erich Kasten},
      title = {Differences in Intelligence and Creativity between Tattooed and Non-Tattooed Students},
      journal = {Psychology and Behavioral Sciences},
      volume = {4},
      number = {4},
      pages = {165-169},
      doi = {10.11648/j.pbs.20150404.14},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.pbs.20150404.14},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.pbs.20150404.14},
      abstract = {Background: In everyday life stereotypes, i.e. simplified imaginations about others are often built. One of innumerable stereotypes is that tattooed people drink too much alcohol, take always drugs, don’t avoid risks and, maybe, they are even more stupid than the rest of humanity. On the other hand tattoos can be very artful. Therefore it is conceivable that tattooed people are more creative than others. Objective: This work is focusing on the question if there is a difference (a) in creativity and (b) in the crystallized intelligence between tattooed and non-tattooed persons. Methodology: To capture these characteristics an intelligence questionnaire (MWT-A) and five of eleven sub-tests of a creativity questionnaire (TDK) were used. To achieve a sufficient homogeneity between the samples, the survey was conducted only among students. A total of 104 persons were interviewed of which 50 people were tattooed and 54 non-tattooed, aged between 20 and 54 years. The survey took place at several universities and colleges in Hamburg and took about ten minutes per person. Results: There were no significant group differences regarding crystallized intelligence; moreover there was no correlation between having tattoos and creativity. Conclusion: Tattooed students seem to be neither less intelligent nor more creative than other students.},
     year = {2015}
    }
    

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    T1  - Differences in Intelligence and Creativity between Tattooed and Non-Tattooed Students
    AU  - Anette Sandra Cebula
    AU  - Erich Kasten
    Y1  - 2015/06/30
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    DO  - 10.11648/j.pbs.20150404.14
    T2  - Psychology and Behavioral Sciences
    JF  - Psychology and Behavioral Sciences
    JO  - Psychology and Behavioral Sciences
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    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.pbs.20150404.14
    AB  - Background: In everyday life stereotypes, i.e. simplified imaginations about others are often built. One of innumerable stereotypes is that tattooed people drink too much alcohol, take always drugs, don’t avoid risks and, maybe, they are even more stupid than the rest of humanity. On the other hand tattoos can be very artful. Therefore it is conceivable that tattooed people are more creative than others. Objective: This work is focusing on the question if there is a difference (a) in creativity and (b) in the crystallized intelligence between tattooed and non-tattooed persons. Methodology: To capture these characteristics an intelligence questionnaire (MWT-A) and five of eleven sub-tests of a creativity questionnaire (TDK) were used. To achieve a sufficient homogeneity between the samples, the survey was conducted only among students. A total of 104 persons were interviewed of which 50 people were tattooed and 54 non-tattooed, aged between 20 and 54 years. The survey took place at several universities and colleges in Hamburg and took about ten minutes per person. Results: There were no significant group differences regarding crystallized intelligence; moreover there was no correlation between having tattoos and creativity. Conclusion: Tattooed students seem to be neither less intelligent nor more creative than other students.
    VL  - 4
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Author Information
  • Medical School Hamburg, University of Applied Sciences, Hamburg, Germany

  • Dept. of Neuropsychology, Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany

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