Postharvest Changes in Physicochemical Properties and Levels of Some Inorganic Elements in Sugar Apple (<i>Annona squamosal</i> L.) Fruits of Coast Region, Tanzania

Esther Hellen Lugwisha; Christina Fabian; Othman Chande Othman

doi:doi:10.11648/j.jfns.20160403.11

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Postharvest Changes in Physicochemical Properties and Levels of Some Inorganic Elements in Sugar Apple (Annona squamosal L.) Fruits of Coast Region, Tanzania

Esther Hellen Lugwisha, Christina Fabian, Othman Chande Othman

Published in Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences (Volume 4, Issue 3)

Received: 20 April 2016 Accepted: 28 April 2016 Published: 11 May 2016

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Abstract

The physicochemical composition of sugar apple (Annona squamosa L.) fruits from Kibaha, Coast Region during open air storage ripening process were determined. The ash, titratable acidity, crude fat, crude fiber, moisture and sugars content were determined by proximate analysis. Ascorbic acid contents were determined using the 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol dye method while mineral elements and heavy metals were determined by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (FAAS). The fruits were always harvested at the mature stage and allowed to ripen during open air storage. The determinations were done immediately after arrival at the laboratory and thereafter at intervals of two days from the day of harvest to the 8th day. The results showed that fresh sugar apple fruits had high moisture content range of (64% - 73%), low titratable acidity (<0.28% ca), low crude fat (0.51 g/100 g-fw), high ash content (1.44 g/100 g-fw), low crude fibre content (0.185 g/100 g-fw), high ascorbic acid content (51-34 mg/100 g-fw), high total sugars content (49.7% - 31.1%), moderate reducing sugar content (43.17% -18.57%) and sucrose content (11.8% - 0.9%). Of the mineral elements (K, Ca and Na) determined, the highest content was of Ca (2838.82 mg/100 g-fw.). Heavy metals (Fe, Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd) content was very low in the sugar apple fruits, ranging between <0.0015 mg/100 g-fw for Cd and 1.27 mg/100 g-fw for Fe. Except for acidity and ascorbic acid contents which were decreasing during storage ripening, the moisture content, total sugar content, reducing sugar content and sucrose were all increasing as the fruit was ripening while in storage. There were no significant changes during storage ripening for levels of crude fat, ash, minerals and heavy metals. The results of this study suggest that these fruits could highly contribute in the improvement of the nutrition of consumers.

Published in	Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences (Volume 4, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.jfns.20160403.11
Page(s)	41-48
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2016. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Sugar Apple, Annona squamosa L., Physico-Chemical, Proximate Analysis, Fruits, Storage Ripening, Macronutrients, Tanzania

References

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Esther Hellen Lugwisha, Christina Fabian, Othman Chande Othman. (2016). Postharvest Changes in Physicochemical Properties and Levels of Some Inorganic Elements in Sugar Apple (Annona squamosal L.) Fruits of Coast Region, Tanzania. Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences, 4(3), 41-48. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfns.20160403.11

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ACS Style

Esther Hellen Lugwisha; Christina Fabian; Othman Chande Othman. Postharvest Changes in Physicochemical Properties and Levels of Some Inorganic Elements in Sugar Apple (Annona squamosal L.) Fruits of Coast Region, Tanzania. J. Food Nutr. Sci. 2016, 4(3), 41-48. doi: 10.11648/j.jfns.20160403.11

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AMA Style

Esther Hellen Lugwisha, Christina Fabian, Othman Chande Othman. Postharvest Changes in Physicochemical Properties and Levels of Some Inorganic Elements in Sugar Apple (Annona squamosal L.) Fruits of Coast Region, Tanzania. J Food Nutr Sci. 2016;4(3):41-48. doi: 10.11648/j.jfns.20160403.11

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@article{10.11648/j.jfns.20160403.11,
  author = {Esther Hellen Lugwisha and Christina Fabian and Othman Chande Othman},
  title = {Postharvest Changes in Physicochemical Properties and Levels of Some Inorganic Elements in Sugar Apple (Annona squamosal L.) Fruits of Coast Region, Tanzania},
  journal = {Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences},
  volume = {4},
  number = {3},
  pages = {41-48},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jfns.20160403.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfns.20160403.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jfns.20160403.11},
  abstract = {The physicochemical composition of sugar apple (Annona squamosa L.) fruits from Kibaha, Coast Region during open air storage ripening process were determined. The ash, titratable acidity, crude fat, crude fiber, moisture and sugars content were determined by proximate analysis. Ascorbic acid contents were determined using the 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol dye method while mineral elements and heavy metals were determined by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (FAAS). The fruits were always harvested at the mature stage and allowed to ripen during open air storage. The determinations were done immediately after arrival at the laboratory and thereafter at intervals of two days from the day of harvest to the 8th day. The results showed that fresh sugar apple fruits had high moisture content range of (64% - 73%), low titratable acidity (<0.28% ca), low crude fat (0.51 g/100 g-fw), high ash content (1.44 g/100 g-fw), low crude fibre content (0.185 g/100 g-fw), high ascorbic acid content (51-34 mg/100 g-fw), high total sugars content (49.7% - 31.1%), moderate reducing sugar content (43.17% -18.57%) and sucrose content (11.8% - 0.9%). Of the mineral elements (K, Ca and Na) determined, the highest content was of Ca (2838.82 mg/100 g-fw.). Heavy metals (Fe, Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd) content was very low in the sugar apple fruits, ranging between <0.0015 mg/100 g-fw for Cd and 1.27 mg/100 g-fw for Fe. Except for acidity and ascorbic acid contents which were decreasing during storage ripening, the moisture content, total sugar content, reducing sugar content and sucrose were all increasing as the fruit was ripening while in storage. There were no significant changes during storage ripening for levels of crude fat, ash, minerals and heavy metals. The results of this study suggest that these fruits could highly contribute in the improvement of the nutrition of consumers.},
 year = {2016}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Postharvest Changes in Physicochemical Properties and Levels of Some Inorganic Elements in Sugar Apple (Annona squamosal L.) Fruits of Coast Region, Tanzania
AU  - Esther Hellen Lugwisha
AU  - Christina Fabian
AU  - Othman Chande Othman
Y1  - 2016/05/11
PY  - 2016
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfns.20160403.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.jfns.20160403.11
T2  - Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences
JF  - Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences
JO  - Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences
SP  - 41
EP  - 48
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-7293
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfns.20160403.11
AB  - The physicochemical composition of sugar apple (Annona squamosa L.) fruits from Kibaha, Coast Region during open air storage ripening process were determined. The ash, titratable acidity, crude fat, crude fiber, moisture and sugars content were determined by proximate analysis. Ascorbic acid contents were determined using the 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol dye method while mineral elements and heavy metals were determined by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (FAAS). The fruits were always harvested at the mature stage and allowed to ripen during open air storage. The determinations were done immediately after arrival at the laboratory and thereafter at intervals of two days from the day of harvest to the 8th day. The results showed that fresh sugar apple fruits had high moisture content range of (64% - 73%), low titratable acidity (<0.28% ca), low crude fat (0.51 g/100 g-fw), high ash content (1.44 g/100 g-fw), low crude fibre content (0.185 g/100 g-fw), high ascorbic acid content (51-34 mg/100 g-fw), high total sugars content (49.7% - 31.1%), moderate reducing sugar content (43.17% -18.57%) and sucrose content (11.8% - 0.9%). Of the mineral elements (K, Ca and Na) determined, the highest content was of Ca (2838.82 mg/100 g-fw.). Heavy metals (Fe, Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd) content was very low in the sugar apple fruits, ranging between <0.0015 mg/100 g-fw for Cd and 1.27 mg/100 g-fw for Fe. Except for acidity and ascorbic acid contents which were decreasing during storage ripening, the moisture content, total sugar content, reducing sugar content and sucrose were all increasing as the fruit was ripening while in storage. There were no significant changes during storage ripening for levels of crude fat, ash, minerals and heavy metals. The results of this study suggest that these fruits could highly contribute in the improvement of the nutrition of consumers.
VL  - 4
IS  - 3
ER  -

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Author Information

Esther Hellen Lugwisha

Chemistry Department, University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Christina Fabian

Chemistry Department, Mkwawa University College of Education, Iringa, Tanzania
Othman Chande Othman

Chemistry Department, University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

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Esther Hellen Lugwisha, Christina Fabian, Othman Chande Othman. (2016). Postharvest Changes in Physicochemical Properties and Levels of Some Inorganic Elements in Sugar Apple (Annona squamosal L.) Fruits of Coast Region, Tanzania. Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences, 4(3), 41-48. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfns.20160403.11

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ACS Style

Esther Hellen Lugwisha; Christina Fabian; Othman Chande Othman. Postharvest Changes in Physicochemical Properties and Levels of Some Inorganic Elements in Sugar Apple (Annona squamosal L.) Fruits of Coast Region, Tanzania. J. Food Nutr. Sci. 2016, 4(3), 41-48. doi: 10.11648/j.jfns.20160403.11

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AMA Style

Esther Hellen Lugwisha, Christina Fabian, Othman Chande Othman. Postharvest Changes in Physicochemical Properties and Levels of Some Inorganic Elements in Sugar Apple (Annona squamosal L.) Fruits of Coast Region, Tanzania. J Food Nutr Sci. 2016;4(3):41-48. doi: 10.11648/j.jfns.20160403.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.jfns.20160403.11,
  author = {Esther Hellen Lugwisha and Christina Fabian and Othman Chande Othman},
  title = {Postharvest Changes in Physicochemical Properties and Levels of Some Inorganic Elements in Sugar Apple (Annona squamosal L.) Fruits of Coast Region, Tanzania},
  journal = {Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences},
  volume = {4},
  number = {3},
  pages = {41-48},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jfns.20160403.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfns.20160403.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jfns.20160403.11},
  abstract = {The physicochemical composition of sugar apple (Annona squamosa L.) fruits from Kibaha, Coast Region during open air storage ripening process were determined. The ash, titratable acidity, crude fat, crude fiber, moisture and sugars content were determined by proximate analysis. Ascorbic acid contents were determined using the 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol dye method while mineral elements and heavy metals were determined by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (FAAS). The fruits were always harvested at the mature stage and allowed to ripen during open air storage. The determinations were done immediately after arrival at the laboratory and thereafter at intervals of two days from the day of harvest to the 8th day. The results showed that fresh sugar apple fruits had high moisture content range of (64% - 73%), low titratable acidity (<0.28% ca), low crude fat (0.51 g/100 g-fw), high ash content (1.44 g/100 g-fw), low crude fibre content (0.185 g/100 g-fw), high ascorbic acid content (51-34 mg/100 g-fw), high total sugars content (49.7% - 31.1%), moderate reducing sugar content (43.17% -18.57%) and sucrose content (11.8% - 0.9%). Of the mineral elements (K, Ca and Na) determined, the highest content was of Ca (2838.82 mg/100 g-fw.). Heavy metals (Fe, Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd) content was very low in the sugar apple fruits, ranging between <0.0015 mg/100 g-fw for Cd and 1.27 mg/100 g-fw for Fe. Except for acidity and ascorbic acid contents which were decreasing during storage ripening, the moisture content, total sugar content, reducing sugar content and sucrose were all increasing as the fruit was ripening while in storage. There were no significant changes during storage ripening for levels of crude fat, ash, minerals and heavy metals. The results of this study suggest that these fruits could highly contribute in the improvement of the nutrition of consumers.},
 year = {2016}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Postharvest Changes in Physicochemical Properties and Levels of Some Inorganic Elements in Sugar Apple (Annona squamosal L.) Fruits of Coast Region, Tanzania
AU  - Esther Hellen Lugwisha
AU  - Christina Fabian
AU  - Othman Chande Othman
Y1  - 2016/05/11
PY  - 2016
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfns.20160403.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.jfns.20160403.11
T2  - Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences
JF  - Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences
JO  - Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences
SP  - 41
EP  - 48
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-7293
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfns.20160403.11
AB  - The physicochemical composition of sugar apple (Annona squamosa L.) fruits from Kibaha, Coast Region during open air storage ripening process were determined. The ash, titratable acidity, crude fat, crude fiber, moisture and sugars content were determined by proximate analysis. Ascorbic acid contents were determined using the 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol dye method while mineral elements and heavy metals were determined by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (FAAS). The fruits were always harvested at the mature stage and allowed to ripen during open air storage. The determinations were done immediately after arrival at the laboratory and thereafter at intervals of two days from the day of harvest to the 8th day. The results showed that fresh sugar apple fruits had high moisture content range of (64% - 73%), low titratable acidity (<0.28% ca), low crude fat (0.51 g/100 g-fw), high ash content (1.44 g/100 g-fw), low crude fibre content (0.185 g/100 g-fw), high ascorbic acid content (51-34 mg/100 g-fw), high total sugars content (49.7% - 31.1%), moderate reducing sugar content (43.17% -18.57%) and sucrose content (11.8% - 0.9%). Of the mineral elements (K, Ca and Na) determined, the highest content was of Ca (2838.82 mg/100 g-fw.). Heavy metals (Fe, Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd) content was very low in the sugar apple fruits, ranging between <0.0015 mg/100 g-fw for Cd and 1.27 mg/100 g-fw for Fe. Except for acidity and ascorbic acid contents which were decreasing during storage ripening, the moisture content, total sugar content, reducing sugar content and sucrose were all increasing as the fruit was ripening while in storage. There were no significant changes during storage ripening for levels of crude fat, ash, minerals and heavy metals. The results of this study suggest that these fruits could highly contribute in the improvement of the nutrition of consumers.
VL  - 4
IS  - 3
ER  -

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