Distribution of the Total Arsenic Content in Drinking Water Obtained from Different Water Sources in the Republic of Macedonia

Vesna Kostik; Biljana Gjorgeska; Bistra Angelovska; Biljana Bauer; Sofija Petkovska

doi:doi:10.11648/j.jfns.20140204.18

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Distribution of the Total Arsenic Content in Drinking Water Obtained from Different Water Sources in the Republic of Macedonia

Vesna Kostik, Biljana Gjorgeska, Bistra Angelovska, Biljana Bauer, Sofija Petkovska

Published in Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences (Volume 2, Issue 4)

Received: 19 June 2014 Accepted: 7 July 2014 Published: 20 July 2014

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Abstract

The present study investigates the total arsenic (As) content in the samples of drinking water in the Republic of Macedonia, which is obtained from different water sources, such as: springs, surface accumulations, underground accumulations and drilled wells. From January 2013 to December 2013, a total of 780 samples obtained from the public water supply systems at 35 measurement points distributed throughout the whole territory of the Republic of Macedonia were analyzed on the total As content. A flow injection atomic absorption spectrometry (FIAS) was employed for the determination of the total As content after wet digestion of the samples with nitric acid (67%, W/V) and hydrogen peroxide (30%, V/V). The results of the study revealed that in 96.7% of the tested samples, As content was below established maximum allowable concentration (MAC) of 10 μg/L. As concentrations up to 26.4 μg/L were found in the samples of drinking water that comes from the water sources located in the vicinity of Kozhuf Mountain, which is due to the mineral composition of the mountain body rich with As containing minerals: lorandite, orpiment, realgar, arsenopyrite etc. Higher As concentrations (5.47 μg/L – 26.6 μg/L) were also found in the samples of drinking water obtained from the water supply system of the towns from the Dojran Municipality which are located in the vicinity of thermal-mineral area of Mala Boshka – Toplec. It can be concluded that the presence of total As in the potable water in the Republic of Macedonia comes only from natural sources.

Published in	Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences (Volume 2, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.jfns.20140204.18
Page(s)	146-155
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2014. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Arsenic (As), Drinking Water, Flow Injection Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FIAS), Maximum Allowable Concentration (MAC)

References

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[3]	K. Moon., E. Guallar, and A. N Acien, “Arsenic exposure and cardiovascular disease: An updated systematic review. Curr Atheroscler Rep,” vol. 14(6), pp. 542-555, 2012.
[4]	P. L Smedley, and D. G. Kinniburgh,.”A review of the source, behaviour and distribution of arsenic in natural waters,” Appl. Geochem., vol. 17, pp. 517–568, 2002.
[5]	P. Bhattacharya, S.H. Frisbie, E. Smith, R. Naidu, G. Jacks, and B. Sarkar, “Arsenic in the environment: a global perspective”, In: Handbook of heavy metals in the environment, Marcell Dekker, New York, pp. 147-215, 2002.
[6]	R. Johnston, H. Heijnen, and P. Wurzel,,” Safe Water Technology”, In Chapter 6 United Nations Synthesis Report on Arsenic in Drinking Water, World Health Organisation, pp. 390, 2001.
[7]	WHO, 2003 World Health Organization, “Arsenic in drinking-water, Background document for development of WHO guidelines for drinking water quality”, Geneva, 2003.
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[14]	T. Serafimovski, G. Tasev, and T. Dolenec, “Petrological and Geochemical Features of the Neogene Volcanites of the Osogovo Mountains, eastern Macedonia, ”Materials and Geo-environment”, vol. 52 (3), pp. 523-534, 2006.
[15]	J.A. Krenner, “Lorandit, ein Thalliummineral von Allcher in Macedonien,” Zeitschaift fur Kristalographie und Mineralogie, vol. 27, pp. 107-109, 1989.
[16]	N.T Kochneva, A.V. Volkov, T. Serafimovski, G Tasev, and I.N Tomson, “Tectonic Position of the Alshar Au–As–Sb–Tl Deposit, Macedonia,” Doklady Earth Sciences, vol. 407 (2), pp. 175–178, 2006.
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APA Style

Vesna Kostik, Biljana Gjorgeska, Bistra Angelovska, Biljana Bauer, Sofija Petkovska. (2014). Distribution of the Total Arsenic Content in Drinking Water Obtained from Different Water Sources in the Republic of Macedonia. Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences, 2(4), 146-155. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfns.20140204.18

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ACS Style

Vesna Kostik; Biljana Gjorgeska; Bistra Angelovska; Biljana Bauer; Sofija Petkovska. Distribution of the Total Arsenic Content in Drinking Water Obtained from Different Water Sources in the Republic of Macedonia. J. Food Nutr. Sci. 2014, 2(4), 146-155. doi: 10.11648/j.jfns.20140204.18

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AMA Style

Vesna Kostik, Biljana Gjorgeska, Bistra Angelovska, Biljana Bauer, Sofija Petkovska. Distribution of the Total Arsenic Content in Drinking Water Obtained from Different Water Sources in the Republic of Macedonia. J Food Nutr Sci. 2014;2(4):146-155. doi: 10.11648/j.jfns.20140204.18

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@article{10.11648/j.jfns.20140204.18,
  author = {Vesna Kostik and Biljana Gjorgeska and Bistra Angelovska and Biljana Bauer and Sofija Petkovska},
  title = {Distribution of the Total Arsenic Content in Drinking Water Obtained from Different Water Sources in the Republic of Macedonia},
  journal = {Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences},
  volume = {2},
  number = {4},
  pages = {146-155},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jfns.20140204.18},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfns.20140204.18},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jfns.20140204.18},
  abstract = {The present study investigates the total arsenic (As) content in the samples of drinking water in the Republic of Macedonia, which is obtained from different water sources, such as: springs, surface accumulations, underground accumulations and drilled wells. From January 2013 to December 2013, a total of 780 samples obtained from the public water supply systems at 35 measurement points distributed throughout the whole territory of the Republic of Macedonia were analyzed on the total As content. A flow injection atomic absorption spectrometry (FIAS) was employed for the determination of the total As content after wet digestion of the samples with nitric acid (67%, W/V) and hydrogen peroxide (30%, V/V). The results of the study revealed that in 96.7% of the tested samples, As content was below established maximum allowable concentration (MAC) of 10 μg/L. As concentrations up to 26.4 μg/L were found in the samples of drinking water that comes from the water sources located in the vicinity of Kozhuf Mountain, which is due to the mineral composition of the mountain body rich with As containing minerals: lorandite, orpiment, realgar, arsenopyrite etc. Higher As concentrations (5.47 μg/L – 26.6 μg/L) were also found in the samples of drinking water obtained from the water supply system of the towns from the Dojran Municipality which are located in the vicinity of thermal-mineral area of Mala Boshka – Toplec. It can be concluded that the presence of total As in the potable water in the Republic of Macedonia comes only from natural sources.},
 year = {2014}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Distribution of the Total Arsenic Content in Drinking Water Obtained from Different Water Sources in the Republic of Macedonia
AU  - Vesna Kostik
AU  - Biljana Gjorgeska
AU  - Bistra Angelovska
AU  - Biljana Bauer
AU  - Sofija Petkovska
Y1  - 2014/07/20
PY  - 2014
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfns.20140204.18
DO  - 10.11648/j.jfns.20140204.18
T2  - Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences
JF  - Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences
JO  - Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences
SP  - 146
EP  - 155
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-7293
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfns.20140204.18
AB  - The present study investigates the total arsenic (As) content in the samples of drinking water in the Republic of Macedonia, which is obtained from different water sources, such as: springs, surface accumulations, underground accumulations and drilled wells. From January 2013 to December 2013, a total of 780 samples obtained from the public water supply systems at 35 measurement points distributed throughout the whole territory of the Republic of Macedonia were analyzed on the total As content. A flow injection atomic absorption spectrometry (FIAS) was employed for the determination of the total As content after wet digestion of the samples with nitric acid (67%, W/V) and hydrogen peroxide (30%, V/V). The results of the study revealed that in 96.7% of the tested samples, As content was below established maximum allowable concentration (MAC) of 10 μg/L. As concentrations up to 26.4 μg/L were found in the samples of drinking water that comes from the water sources located in the vicinity of Kozhuf Mountain, which is due to the mineral composition of the mountain body rich with As containing minerals: lorandite, orpiment, realgar, arsenopyrite etc. Higher As concentrations (5.47 μg/L – 26.6 μg/L) were also found in the samples of drinking water obtained from the water supply system of the towns from the Dojran Municipality which are located in the vicinity of thermal-mineral area of Mala Boshka – Toplec. It can be concluded that the presence of total As in the potable water in the Republic of Macedonia comes only from natural sources.
VL  - 2
IS  - 4
ER  -

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Author Information

Vesna Kostik

Faculty of Medical Science, Department of Pharmacy, University “Goce Delchev”, Shtip, Republic of Macedonia
Biljana Gjorgeska

Faculty of Medical Science, Department of Pharmacy, University “Goce Delchev”, Shtip, Republic of Macedonia
Bistra Angelovska

Faculty of Medical Science, Department of Pharmacy, University “Goce Delchev”, Shtip, Republic of Macedonia
Biljana Bauer

Faculty of Pharmacy, University of “Ss Cyril and Methodius”, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
Sofija Petkovska

Faculty of Medical Science, Department of Pharmacy, University “Goce Delchev”, Shtip, Republic of Macedonia

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Vesna Kostik, Biljana Gjorgeska, Bistra Angelovska, Biljana Bauer, Sofija Petkovska. (2014). Distribution of the Total Arsenic Content in Drinking Water Obtained from Different Water Sources in the Republic of Macedonia. Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences, 2(4), 146-155. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfns.20140204.18

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ACS Style

Vesna Kostik; Biljana Gjorgeska; Bistra Angelovska; Biljana Bauer; Sofija Petkovska. Distribution of the Total Arsenic Content in Drinking Water Obtained from Different Water Sources in the Republic of Macedonia. J. Food Nutr. Sci. 2014, 2(4), 146-155. doi: 10.11648/j.jfns.20140204.18

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AMA Style

Vesna Kostik, Biljana Gjorgeska, Bistra Angelovska, Biljana Bauer, Sofija Petkovska. Distribution of the Total Arsenic Content in Drinking Water Obtained from Different Water Sources in the Republic of Macedonia. J Food Nutr Sci. 2014;2(4):146-155. doi: 10.11648/j.jfns.20140204.18

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.jfns.20140204.18,
  author = {Vesna Kostik and Biljana Gjorgeska and Bistra Angelovska and Biljana Bauer and Sofija Petkovska},
  title = {Distribution of the Total Arsenic Content in Drinking Water Obtained from Different Water Sources in the Republic of Macedonia},
  journal = {Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences},
  volume = {2},
  number = {4},
  pages = {146-155},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jfns.20140204.18},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfns.20140204.18},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jfns.20140204.18},
  abstract = {The present study investigates the total arsenic (As) content in the samples of drinking water in the Republic of Macedonia, which is obtained from different water sources, such as: springs, surface accumulations, underground accumulations and drilled wells. From January 2013 to December 2013, a total of 780 samples obtained from the public water supply systems at 35 measurement points distributed throughout the whole territory of the Republic of Macedonia were analyzed on the total As content. A flow injection atomic absorption spectrometry (FIAS) was employed for the determination of the total As content after wet digestion of the samples with nitric acid (67%, W/V) and hydrogen peroxide (30%, V/V). The results of the study revealed that in 96.7% of the tested samples, As content was below established maximum allowable concentration (MAC) of 10 μg/L. As concentrations up to 26.4 μg/L were found in the samples of drinking water that comes from the water sources located in the vicinity of Kozhuf Mountain, which is due to the mineral composition of the mountain body rich with As containing minerals: lorandite, orpiment, realgar, arsenopyrite etc. Higher As concentrations (5.47 μg/L – 26.6 μg/L) were also found in the samples of drinking water obtained from the water supply system of the towns from the Dojran Municipality which are located in the vicinity of thermal-mineral area of Mala Boshka – Toplec. It can be concluded that the presence of total As in the potable water in the Republic of Macedonia comes only from natural sources.},
 year = {2014}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Distribution of the Total Arsenic Content in Drinking Water Obtained from Different Water Sources in the Republic of Macedonia
AU  - Vesna Kostik
AU  - Biljana Gjorgeska
AU  - Bistra Angelovska
AU  - Biljana Bauer
AU  - Sofija Petkovska
Y1  - 2014/07/20
PY  - 2014
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfns.20140204.18
DO  - 10.11648/j.jfns.20140204.18
T2  - Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences
JF  - Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences
JO  - Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences
SP  - 146
EP  - 155
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-7293
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfns.20140204.18
AB  - The present study investigates the total arsenic (As) content in the samples of drinking water in the Republic of Macedonia, which is obtained from different water sources, such as: springs, surface accumulations, underground accumulations and drilled wells. From January 2013 to December 2013, a total of 780 samples obtained from the public water supply systems at 35 measurement points distributed throughout the whole territory of the Republic of Macedonia were analyzed on the total As content. A flow injection atomic absorption spectrometry (FIAS) was employed for the determination of the total As content after wet digestion of the samples with nitric acid (67%, W/V) and hydrogen peroxide (30%, V/V). The results of the study revealed that in 96.7% of the tested samples, As content was below established maximum allowable concentration (MAC) of 10 μg/L. As concentrations up to 26.4 μg/L were found in the samples of drinking water that comes from the water sources located in the vicinity of Kozhuf Mountain, which is due to the mineral composition of the mountain body rich with As containing minerals: lorandite, orpiment, realgar, arsenopyrite etc. Higher As concentrations (5.47 μg/L – 26.6 μg/L) were also found in the samples of drinking water obtained from the water supply system of the towns from the Dojran Municipality which are located in the vicinity of thermal-mineral area of Mala Boshka – Toplec. It can be concluded that the presence of total As in the potable water in the Republic of Macedonia comes only from natural sources.
VL  - 2
IS  - 4
ER  -

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