Materials and Methods: CT of parotid patients during 2012 to 2014 is used. Twelve patients were evaluated by TPS Core plan, 3D dose distribution and using of dose-volume histogram (DVH), nine techniques were evaluated: a. 6MV photons, 3-fields AP (wedge), PA (wedge), lateral (open), b. unilateral 10 Mev electrons, c. unilateral 14 Mev electrons, d. Mixed beam technique using 6MV photon and 10 Mev electron (1:4 weighting), e. Mixed beam technique using 6MV photon and 14 Mev electron (1:4 weighting), f. unilateral 10 Mev electrons with bolus (0.5 cm bolus is used), g. unilateral 14 Mev electrons with bolus (0.5 cm bolus is used), h. Mixed beam technique using 6MV photon and 10 Mev electron (1:4 weighting) with Bolus (0.5 cm bolus is used), i. Mixed beam technique using 6MV photon and 14Mev electron (1:4 weighting) with Bolus (0.5 cm bolus is used) Results: Using of DVH to appraise, the dose to OARs are 0 for techniques 6MV photons, (3-fields), unilateral 10 Mev electrons with and without Bolus, unilateral 14 Mev electrons with & without Bolus. The highest conformal and homogeneity index and near to 1 were for 6MV photons, 3-fields, unilateral 14 Mev electrons with and without Bolus, mixed beam technique using 6MV photon and 14 Mev electron with and without Bolus.
Published in | International Journal of Medical Imaging (Volume 4, Issue 4) |
DOI | 10.11648/j.ijmi.20160404.12 |
Page(s) | 32-38 |
Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2016. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Bolus, Parotid Gland Cancer, Dose Volume Histogram, Three Dimensional Conformal Radiation Therapy (3DCRT)
[1] | Johns ME, Goldsmith MM. Incidence, diagnosis, and classification of salivary gland tumors. Part 1. Oncology (Williston Park, NY). 1989; 3 (2): 47-56; discussion, 8, 62. |
[2] | Halperin EC, Brady LW, Wazer DE, Perez CA. Perez & Brady's principles and practice of radiation oncology: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2013. |
[3] | Foote FW, Frazell EL. Tumors of the major salivary glands: National Academies; 1954. |
[4] | Tran L, Sadeghi A, Hanson D, Juillard G, Mackintosh R, Calcaterra TC, et al. Major salivary gland tumors: treatment results and prognostic factors. The Laryngoscope. 1986; 96 (10): 1139-44. |
[5] | Theriault C, Fitzpatrick P. Malignant Parotid Tumors Prognostic Factors and Optimum Treatment. American journal of clinical oncology. 1986; 9 (6): 510-6. |
[6] | Spiro RH. Salivary neoplasms: Overview of a 35‐year experience with 2,807 patients. Head & neck surgery. 1986; 8 (3): 177-84. |
[7] | Rafla S. Malignant parotid tumors: natural history and treatment. Cancer. 1977; 40 (1): 136-44. |
[8] | Yaparpalvi R, Tyerech S, Boselli L, Fontenla D, Beitler J, Vikram B. Parotid gland tumors: a comparison of postoperative radiotherapy techniques using three dimensional (3-D) dose distributions and dose-volume histograms (DVH). International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology and Physics. 1996; 36 (1): 393. |
[9] | Alterio D, Jereczek-Fossa BA, Griseri M, D’Onofrio A, Giugliano G, Fiore MR, et al. Three-dimensional conformal postoperative radiotherapy in patients with parotid tumors: 10 years’ experience at the European Institute of Oncology. Tumori. 2011; 97 (3): 328-34. |
[10] | Kudchadker R, Antolak J, Morrison W, Wong P, Hogstrom K. Utilization of custom electron bolus in head and neck radiotherapy. Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics. 2003; 4 (4): 321-33. |
[11] | Drzymala R, Mohan R, Brewster L, Chu J, Goitein M, Harms W, et al. Dose-volume histograms. International Journal of Radiation Oncology* Biology* Physics. 1991; 21 (1): 71-8. |
[12] | Grills IS, Yan D, Martinez AA, Vicini FA, Wong JW, Kestin LL. Potential for reduced toxicity and dose escalation in the treatment of inoperable non–small-cell lung cancer: A comparison of intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), 3D conformal radiation, and elective nodal irradiation. International Journal of Radiation Oncology* Biology* Physics. 2003; 57 (3): 875-90. |
[13] | Elkon D, Colman M, Hendrickson FR. Radiation therapy in the treatment of malignant salivary gland tumors. Cancer. 1978; 41 (2): 502-6. |
[14] | Ostwald P, Cooper S, Denham J, Hamilton C. Dosimetry of high energy electron therapy to the parotid region. Radiotherapy and Oncology. 1994; 33 (2): 148-56. |
[15] | Benoit J, Pruitt AF, Thrall DE. Effect of Wetness Level on the Suitability of Wet Gauze As a Substitute for Superflab® As a Bolus Material for Use With 6 Mv Photons. Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound. 2009; 50 (5): 555-9. |
[16] | Al-Yahya K, Schwartz M, Shenouda G, Verhaegen F, Freeman C, Seuntjens J. Energy modulated electron therapy using a few leaf electron collimator in combination with IMRT and 3D-CRT: Monte Carlo-based planning and dosimetric evaluation. Medical physics. 2005; 32 (9): 2976-86. |
[17] | Luu A, Doerwald-Munoz L, Ostapiak O. An evaluation of two approaches to skin bolus design for patients receiving radiotherapy for head and neck cancers. Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences. 2015; 46 (3): S37-S42. |
[18] | Kong M, Holloway L. An investigation of central axis depth dose distribution perturbation due to an air gap between patient and bolus for electron beams. Australasian Physics & Engineering Sciences in Medicine. 2007; 30 (2): 111-9. |
[19] | Günhan B, Kemikler G, Koca A. Determination of surface dose and the effect of bolus to surface dose in electron beams. Medical Dosimetry. 2003; 28 (3): 193-8. |
[20] | Khan M. The Physics of Radiation Therapy, Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins. Baltimore, MD. 1994. |
[21] | Khan FM, Doppke KP, Hogstrom KR, Kutcher GJ, Nath R, Prasad SC, et al. Clinical electron‐beam dosimetry: report of AAPM radiation therapy committee task group No. 25. Medical physics. 1991; 18 (1): 73-109. |
[22] | Butson MJ, Cheung T, Yu P, Metcalfe P. Effects on skin dose from unwanted air gaps under bolus in photon beam radiotherapy. Radiation Measurements. 2000; 32 (3): 201-4. |
[23] | Kudchadker RJ, Hogstrom KR, Garden AS, McNeese MD, Boyd RA, Antolak JA. Electron conformal radiotherapy using bolus and intensity modulation. International Journal of Radiation Oncology* Biology* Physics. 2002; 53 (4): 1023-37. |
[24] | Units ICoR. Fundamental Quantities and Units for Ionizing Radiation: International Commission on Radiation; 1998. |
[25] | Wambersie A, Landgerg T. ICRU report 62: prescribing, recording and reporting photon beam therapy. International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements, Bethesda, USA: (supplement to ICRU Report 50). 1999. |
[26] | Low D, Starkschall G, Bujnowski S, Wang L, Hogstrom K. Electron bolus design for radiotherapy treatment planning: bolus design algorithms. Medical physics. 1992; 19 (1): 115-24. |
[27] | Vyas V, Palmer L, Mudge R, Jiang R, Fleck A, Schaly B, et al. On bolus for megavoltage photon and electron radiation therapy. Medical Dosimetry. 2013; 38 (3): 268-73. |
[28] | Dobrowsky W, Schlappack O, Kärcher K, Pavelka R, Kment G. Electron beam therapy in treatment of parotid neoplasm. Radiotherapy and Oncology. 1986; 6 (4): 293-9. |
[29] | Laramore GE, Krall JM, Griffin TW, Duncan W, Richter MP, Saroja KR, et al. Neutron versus photon irradiation for unresectable salivary gland tumors: final report of an RTOG-MRC randomized clinical trial. International Journal of Radiation Oncology* Biology* Physics. 1993; 27 (2): 235-40. |
[30] | Khan Y, Villarreal-Barajas JE, Udowicz M, Sinha R, Muhammad W, Abbasi AN, et al. Clinical and dosimetric implications of air gaps between bolus and skin surface during radiation therapy. Journal of Cancer Therapy. 2013; 4 (7): 1251. |
[31] | Sharma S, Johnson M. Surface dose perturbation due to air gap between patient and bolus for electron beams. Medical physics. 1993; 20 (2): 377-8. |
[32] | Helal A, Omar A. Three dimensional conformal postoperative radiotherapy for unilateral parotid gland cancer: A comparison of three different parotid gland irradiation techniques. Alexandria Journal of Medicine. 2013; 49 (4): 379-84. |
[33] | Nutting christopher M RCG, Cosgrove Vivian P, et al. Optimization of radiotherapy for carcinoma of the parotid gland: a comparsion of conventional, three-dimensional conformal and intensity-modulated technique. radiother oncol. 2001; 60 (2) (163-72). |
APA Style
Ahad Zeinali, Farideh Farokhi Moghadam. (2016). On Presentation of Optimal Treatment Plan in Radiotherapy of Parotid Cancer: A Comparison of Nine Techniques in Three Dimensional Conformal Radiation Therapy (3DCRT). International Journal of Medical Imaging, 4(4), 32-38. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmi.20160404.12
ACS Style
Ahad Zeinali; Farideh Farokhi Moghadam. On Presentation of Optimal Treatment Plan in Radiotherapy of Parotid Cancer: A Comparison of Nine Techniques in Three Dimensional Conformal Radiation Therapy (3DCRT). Int. J. Med. Imaging 2016, 4(4), 32-38. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmi.20160404.12
AMA Style
Ahad Zeinali, Farideh Farokhi Moghadam. On Presentation of Optimal Treatment Plan in Radiotherapy of Parotid Cancer: A Comparison of Nine Techniques in Three Dimensional Conformal Radiation Therapy (3DCRT). Int J Med Imaging. 2016;4(4):32-38. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmi.20160404.12
@article{10.11648/j.ijmi.20160404.12, author = {Ahad Zeinali and Farideh Farokhi Moghadam}, title = {On Presentation of Optimal Treatment Plan in Radiotherapy of Parotid Cancer: A Comparison of Nine Techniques in Three Dimensional Conformal Radiation Therapy (3DCRT)}, journal = {International Journal of Medical Imaging}, volume = {4}, number = {4}, pages = {32-38}, doi = {10.11648/j.ijmi.20160404.12}, url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmi.20160404.12}, eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijmi.20160404.12}, abstract = {Materials and Methods: CT of parotid patients during 2012 to 2014 is used. Twelve patients were evaluated by TPS Core plan, 3D dose distribution and using of dose-volume histogram (DVH), nine techniques were evaluated: a. 6MV photons, 3-fields AP (wedge), PA (wedge), lateral (open), b. unilateral 10 Mev electrons, c. unilateral 14 Mev electrons, d. Mixed beam technique using 6MV photon and 10 Mev electron (1:4 weighting), e. Mixed beam technique using 6MV photon and 14 Mev electron (1:4 weighting), f. unilateral 10 Mev electrons with bolus (0.5 cm bolus is used), g. unilateral 14 Mev electrons with bolus (0.5 cm bolus is used), h. Mixed beam technique using 6MV photon and 10 Mev electron (1:4 weighting) with Bolus (0.5 cm bolus is used), i. Mixed beam technique using 6MV photon and 14Mev electron (1:4 weighting) with Bolus (0.5 cm bolus is used) Results: Using of DVH to appraise, the dose to OARs are 0 for techniques 6MV photons, (3-fields), unilateral 10 Mev electrons with and without Bolus, unilateral 14 Mev electrons with & without Bolus. The highest conformal and homogeneity index and near to 1 were for 6MV photons, 3-fields, unilateral 14 Mev electrons with and without Bolus, mixed beam technique using 6MV photon and 14 Mev electron with and without Bolus.}, year = {2016} }
TY - JOUR T1 - On Presentation of Optimal Treatment Plan in Radiotherapy of Parotid Cancer: A Comparison of Nine Techniques in Three Dimensional Conformal Radiation Therapy (3DCRT) AU - Ahad Zeinali AU - Farideh Farokhi Moghadam Y1 - 2016/08/29 PY - 2016 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmi.20160404.12 DO - 10.11648/j.ijmi.20160404.12 T2 - International Journal of Medical Imaging JF - International Journal of Medical Imaging JO - International Journal of Medical Imaging SP - 32 EP - 38 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2330-832X UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmi.20160404.12 AB - Materials and Methods: CT of parotid patients during 2012 to 2014 is used. Twelve patients were evaluated by TPS Core plan, 3D dose distribution and using of dose-volume histogram (DVH), nine techniques were evaluated: a. 6MV photons, 3-fields AP (wedge), PA (wedge), lateral (open), b. unilateral 10 Mev electrons, c. unilateral 14 Mev electrons, d. Mixed beam technique using 6MV photon and 10 Mev electron (1:4 weighting), e. Mixed beam technique using 6MV photon and 14 Mev electron (1:4 weighting), f. unilateral 10 Mev electrons with bolus (0.5 cm bolus is used), g. unilateral 14 Mev electrons with bolus (0.5 cm bolus is used), h. Mixed beam technique using 6MV photon and 10 Mev electron (1:4 weighting) with Bolus (0.5 cm bolus is used), i. Mixed beam technique using 6MV photon and 14Mev electron (1:4 weighting) with Bolus (0.5 cm bolus is used) Results: Using of DVH to appraise, the dose to OARs are 0 for techniques 6MV photons, (3-fields), unilateral 10 Mev electrons with and without Bolus, unilateral 14 Mev electrons with & without Bolus. The highest conformal and homogeneity index and near to 1 were for 6MV photons, 3-fields, unilateral 14 Mev electrons with and without Bolus, mixed beam technique using 6MV photon and 14 Mev electron with and without Bolus. VL - 4 IS - 4 ER -